Routing protocols as one of the key communication techniques that intend to enable and
maintain robust communication routes in the network, play a significant part in boosting the …

A wireless sensor networks comprised of massive micro-sensor devices which installed in
geographical areas used for surveillance, monitoring and control the applications and …

Recently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) incorporate their prominent role in various
applications like monitoring and tracking remote environments. WSN exhibits a distributed …

WSNs have a broad spectrum of applications, including military, industrial, security, housing,
automobile real-time monitoring, vehicular traffic, and healthcare. Because of sensor nodes …

The wireless sensor network (WSN) consist of battery-powered sensor nodes which are self-
configured and are deployed for monitoring several physical or environmental conditions …

Routing protocols function as the obligatory force in MANETs to transfer data outside the
physical wireless ranges of the nodes. In hierarchical cluster based routing; cluster head …

I am heartily grateful to my supervisor, Dr. Haydar Abdulameer Marhoon, whose patient
encouragement, guidance and insightful criticism from the beginning to the final level …

Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been broadly applied in many fields such
as industry, agriculture, event detection & monitoring, time critical applications and research …