Primary lymphedema is a long-term (chronic) condition characterized by tissue lymph
retention and swelling that can affect any part of the body, although it usually develops in the …

Hydrocephalus, characterized by cerebral ventricular dilatation, is routinely attributed to
primary defects in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis. This fosters CSF shunting as the …

Neonates who present in high output heart failure secondary to vein of Galen aneurysmal
malformation can be difficult to manage medically due to the complex physiology that results …

Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by enlarged brain ventricles, is considered a
disease of excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation and thereby treated with …

To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common
and most severe of congenital brain arteriovenous malformations, we performed an …

Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is a blood vascular anomaly
caused by inherited loss-of-function mutations in RASA1 or EPHB4 genes, which encode …

Cerebral arachnoid cysts (ACs) are one of the most common and poorly understood types of
developmental brain lesion. To begin to elucidate AC pathogenesis, we performed an …

Importance Moyamoya disease (MMD), a progressive vasculopathy leading to narrowing
and ultimate occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid arteries, is a cause of childhood …

Hydrocephalus, characterized by cerebral ventriculomegaly, is the most common disorder
requiring brain surgery in children. Recent studies have implicated SMARCC1, a component …

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are an important cause of intracranial
hemorrhage (ICH), especially in younger patients. The pathogenesis of bAVM are largely …