Despite tremendous research advancements in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),
our understanding of sex differences in NAFLD remains insufficient. This review summarizes …

Tumor blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapeutic management. Tumor cells
secrete high levels of pro-angiogenic factors which contribute to the creation of an abnormal …

Since the identification in 1988 of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a potent inducer
of bone and cartilage formation, BMP superfamily signalling has become one of the most …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), originally identified as osteoinductive components in
extracts derived from bone, are now known to play important roles in a wide array of …

Tumor hypoxia resulting from abnormal and dysfunctional tumor vascular network poses a
substantial obstacle to immunotherapy. In fact, hypoxia creates an immunosuppressive …

Abstract Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling
between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with …

Genetic evidence implicates the loss of bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-
II) signaling in the endothelium as an initiating factor in pulmonary arterial hypertension …

Endothelial cells are at the interface between circulating blood and tissues. This position
confers on them a crucial role in controlling oxygen and nutrient exchange and cellular …

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) represents the primary driving force to promote the
progression of chronic cholestatic liver diseases. We previously reported that cholangiocyte …

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are potent growth factors belonging to the
Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily. To date over 20 members have been …