Ongoing research has revealed that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the
biggest obstacles in the current cancer therapy. CSCs make an influential function in tumor …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing cells that facilitate tumor initiation, promote
metastasis, and enhance cancer therapy resistance. Transcriptomic analyses across many …

Tumor microenvironment (TME) takes critical roles in tumor resistance to immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs) including anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) or anti-programmed death-ligand …

Abstract Importance Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have previously been found to
influence patient prognosis in other gastrointestinal cancers, for instance in colorectal …

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with limited opportunity for resectable surgery as the
first choice for cure due to its late diagnosis and early metastasis. The desmoplastic stroma …

Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, greatly hinders the efficacy of conventional
cancer treatments such as chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. The depletion of oxygen in …

Tumor immunity represents a new avenue for cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors
have successfully improved outcomes in several tumor types. In addition, currently, immune …

Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive
and deadliest cancer worldwide, with an overall survival (OS) rate, all stages combined, of …

CD73 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored protein that attenuates tumour
immunity via cooperating with CD39 to generate immunosuppressive adenosine. Therefore …

Stimulating antitumor immunity is an attractive idea for suppressing tumors. CD4+ and CD8+
T cells as well as natural killer cells (NK) are the primary antitumor immune cells in the tumor …