Uncertainty about a possible future threat disrupts our ability to avoid it or to mitigate its
negative impact and thus results in anxiety. Here, we focus the broad literature on the …

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of powerful new tools for assaying the brain
and a remarkable acceleration of research focused on the interplay of emotion and …

The consequences of chronic stress on brain structure and function are far reaching.
Whereas stress can produce short-term adaptive changes in the brain, chronic stress leads …

Anxiety disorders impose a staggering burden on public health, underscoring the need to
develop a deeper understanding of the distributed neural circuits underlying extreme fear …

The central extended amygdala is an evolutionarily conserved set of interconnected brain
regions that play an important role in threat processing to promote survival. Two core …

It is widely thought that phasic and sustained responses to threat reflect dissociable circuits
centered on the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and the bed nucleus of the stria …

BACKGROUND: Though a key symptom underlying many anxiety disorders is hypervigilant
threat monitoring, its biological bases in humans remain poorly understood. Animal models …

This review brings together recent research from molecular, neural circuit, animal model,
and human studies to help understand the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying …

To survive, primates must detect danger in time to activate appropriate defensive behaviors.
In this study, the defensive behaviors of infant rhesus monkeys exposed to humans were …

When extreme, anxiety—a state of distress and arousal prototypically evoked by uncertain
danger—can be debilitating. Uncertain anticipation is a shared feature of situations that elicit …