Research on self-regulated learning and on cognitive load has been two of the most
prominent and influential research lines in educational research during the last decades …

This article reviews contemporary research on multimedia learning that uses cognitive load
theory as the major theoretical framework. In particular, we address the extent to which …

This study investigates how background music influences learning with respect to three
different theoretical approaches. Both the Mozart effect as well as the arousal-mood …

The development of the revolution era 4.0 which increasingly rapidly demands the wider
community to have the ability to think creatively mathematically. One effort to improve the …

In this study, considering the effect of interactive learning environments on human cognition,
we have examined extraneous processing effects of multimedia materials on cognitive load …

The paper focuses on the parallels, which are rooted in the simultaneous development of
mathematics and informatics. Both mathematics and informatics are based on problem …

The present study investigated an extension of the emotional design hypothesis in
multimedia learning for textual parts of multimedia instruction. In an one-factorial …

Desirable difficulties like tests were often shown to increase long-term learning. However,
due to the complexity and difficulty of such tasks, they are also argued to result in negative …

Presenting information in a perceptually degraded format sometimes enhances learning
outcomes. However, earlier studies in which words were presented in large or small fonts in …

In some cases difficult-to-read learning materials lead to better performance than easy to-
read materials. This phenomenon is called the disfluency effect and is attributed to a …