Polarization is a fundamental property of light and a powerful sensing tool that has been
applied to many areas. A Mueller matrix is a complete mathematical description of the …

The purpose of this article is to study the issues of industrial maintenance, one of the critical
drivers of Industry 4.0 (I4. 0), which has contributed to the advent of new industrial …

The optical properties of human skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue and human mucosa
were measured in the wavelength range 400–2000 nm. The measurements were carried out …

Biomedical photonics is defined as the science of harnessing light and other forms of radiant
energy to address problems in medicine and biology. The field has experienced explosive …

We employ Raman spectroscopy to diagnose benign and malignant lesions in human
breast tissue based on chemical composition. In this study, 130 Raman spectra are acquired …

Fiber optic probes are a key element for biomedical spectroscopic sensing. We review the
use of fiber optic probes for optical spectroscopy, focusing on applications in turbid media …

We present the first demonstration of in vivo collection of Raman spectra of breast tissue.
Raman spectroscopy, which analyzes molecular vibrations, is a promising new technique for …

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is an effective treatment for early-stage cancers as long as
the margins of the resected tissue are free of disease according to consensus guidelines for …

Written by more than 400 subject experts representing diverse academic and applied
domains, this multidisciplinary resource surveys the vanguard of biomaterials and …

In the past decade, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has attracted a great deal of popularity as an
emergent diagnostic technology owing to its successful demonstration in both preclinical …