Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a primary metabolic sensor, and is expressed in
different immune cells, such as macrophage, dendritic cell, neutrophil, T cell, and non …

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte population in the human circulatory system
and are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation. Neutrophils play a multifaceted role in …

Apoptotic cell (AC) clearance (efferocytosis) is performed by phagocytes, such as
macrophages, that inhabit harsh physiological environments. Here, we find that …

(1) Background: Hypoxia is a common feature of inflammation when hypoxia inducible
factors (HIFs) adapt cells to conditions of low oxygen tension and inflammation. We studied …

Intestinal epithelial cells are adapted in mucosal hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in
these cells can fortify barrier integrity to support mucosal tissue healing. Here we …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of a combination of genetic
predisposition, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and environmental influences, which is …

Vascular remodeling is a phenomenon seen in the cutaneous lesions formed during
infection with Leishmania parasites. Within the lesion, Leishmania major infection leads to …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) is a transcription factor present
in immune cells as a long and short isoform, referred to as isoforms 1 and 3, respectively …

Hypoxia describes limited oxygen availability at the cellular level. Myeloid cells are exposed
to hypoxia at various bodily sites and even contribute to hypoxia by consuming large …

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by vascular remodeling. Following infection with
Leishmania parasites, the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)/VEGF receptor 2 …