Physical activity is one of the modifiable factors of cognitive decline and dementia with the
strongest evidence. Although many influential reviews have illustrated the neurobiological …

Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the
adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending …

Dopamine controls various physiological functions in the brain and periphery by acting on its
receptors D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. Dopamine receptors are G protein–coupled receptors …

Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and the brain. However,
exercise also activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and increases levels of the …

Exposure to stress is one of the best-known negative regulators of adult neurogenesis (AN).
We discuss changes in neurogenesis in relation to exposure to stress, glucocorticoid …

The presence of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the production of new neurons in the adult
brain have received great attention from scientists and the public because of implications to …

A rapidly growing body of literature indicates that adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is
sensitive to a variety of environmental factors. The effects of emotionally salient experiences …

Despite evidence implicating microglia in the etiology and pathophysiology of major
depression, there is paucity of information regarding the contribution of microglia-dependent …

Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) encompasses many mental health disorders, including
a wide range of addictions and compulsive and impulsive behaviors. Described as an …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by motor dysfunction, including bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural …