Modern health care has brought our society innumerable benefits but has also introduced
the experience of pain very early in life. For example, it is now routine care for newborns to …

Background: Neonates cared for in neonatal intensive care units are exposed to many
painful and stressful procedures that, cumulatively, could impact later neurodevelopmental …

Objective: Preterm infants are exposed to multiple painful procedures in the neonatal
intensive care unit (NICU) during a period of rapid brain development. Our aim was to …

Epidemiologic studies have, for many years, identified preterm birth as a significant risk
factor for psychiatric disorders. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in …

Objective. To investigate the effects of early experience on brain function and structure.
Methods. A randomized clinical trial tested the neurodevelopmental effectiveness of the …

More than 15 million premature infants are born worldwide each year. 1 These infants, along
with term neonates who are born ill, compromised either by congenital abnormalities or by …

Background Despite an increasing awareness regarding pain management in neonates and
the availability of published guidelines for the treatment of procedural pain, preterm …

Background Presently the heart rate is monitored in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with
contact sensors: electrocardiogram or pulse oximetry. These techniques can cause injuries …

Infants born preterm (< 37 weeks of gestation) are particularly vulnerable to procedural
stress and pain exposure during neonatal intensive care, at a time of rapid and complex …

The effects of mother‐infant skin‐to‐skin contact (Kangaroo Care; KC) on autonomic
functioning, state regulation, and neurobehavioural status was examined in 70 preterm …