Opioids are a mainstay of acute pain management but can have many adverse effects,
contributing to problematic long-term use. Opioid tolerance (increased dose needed for …

As we all know, opioids are the drugs of choice for treating severe pain. However, very often,
opioid use leads to tolerance, dependence, and hyperalgesia. Therefore, understanding the …

Repeated exposure to the opioid agonist, oxycodone, can lead to addiction. Here, we
sought to identify potential neurobiological consequences of withdrawal from escalated and …

The current opioid epidemic necessitates a better understanding of human addiction
neurobiology to develop efficacious treatment approaches. Here, we perform genome-wide …

We previously found that human heroin addicts and mice chronically exposed to morphine
exhibit a significant increase in the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt)-producing …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cause of death among neoplasms
around the world. The environmental factors, like diet and obesity, are crucial in CRC …

Addiction to prescribed opioids including oxycodone has reached tragic levels. Herein, we
investigated the relevance of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and immediate early genes …

The opioid receptors are important regulators of pain, reward, and addiction. Limited
evidence suggests the mu and delta opioid receptors form a heterodimer (MDOR), which …

Dopamine D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs) and dopamine D2
receptor-expressing MSNs (D2R-MSNs) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been …

Opioid activation of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) promotes signaling cascades that evoke
both analgesic responses to pain and side effects like addiction and dependence …