The cryosphere reacts sensitively to climate change, as evidenced by the widespread retreat
of mountain glaciers. Subsurface ice contained in permafrost is similarly affected by climate …

Anthropogenic climate change is rapidly altering high mountain environments, including
changing the frequency, dynamic behavior, location, and magnitude of alpine mass …

On 7 February 2021, a catastrophic mass flow descended the Ronti Gad, Rishiganga, and
Dhauliganga valleys in Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India, causing widespread devastation and …

The cryosphere (including, snow, glaciers, permafrost, lake and river ice) is an integral
element of high mountain regions, which are home to roughly 10% of the global population …

Abstract Warming on Earth's Third Pole is leading to rapid loss of ice and the formation and
expansion of glacial lakes, posing a severe threat to downstream communities. Here we …

Global warming promotes glacier retreat, snow melting, and permafrost thawing, thereby
increasing landslide activity in alpine mountain regions. However, our understanding of the …

Geomorphic mass flows are often complex in terms of material composition and its evolution
in space and time. The simulation of those hazardous phenomena would strongly benefit …

Surges and glacier avalanches are expressions of glacier instability, and among the most
dramatic phenomena in the mountain cryosphere. Until now, the catastrophic collapse of a …

The detachment of large parts of low-angle mountain glaciers resulting in massive ice–rock
avalanches have so far been believed to be a unique type of event, made known to the …

Introduction This chapter synthesizes the scientific literature on the detection and attribution
of observed changes in natural and human systems in response to observed recent climate …