The development of genetic sex determination and cytologically distinct sex chromosomes
leads to the potential problem of gene dosage imbalances between autosomes and sex …

Differentiated sex chromosomes in mammals and other vertebrates evolved independently
but in strikingly similar ways. Vertebrates with differentiated sex chromosomes share the …

In yeast, telomere position effect (TPE) results in the reversible silencing of genes near
telomeres. Here we demonstrate the presence of TPE in human cells. HeLa clones …

Women represent 80% of people affected by autoimmune diseases. Although, many studies
have demonstrated a role for sex hormone receptor signaling, particularly estrogens, in the …

The pseudoautosomal regions (PAR1 and PAR2) of the human X and Y chromosomes pair
and recombine during meiosis. Thus genes in this region are not inherited in a strictly sex …

This perspective focuses on advances in genome technology over the last 25 years and
their impact on germline variant discovery within the field of human genetics. The field has …

Humans, mice, and even kangaroos have an XX female: XY male system of sex
determination, in which the Y harbors a male-dominant sex-determining gene SRY. Birds …

Background Sex determination mechanisms in teleost fish broadly differ from mammals and
birds, with sex chromosomes that are far less differentiated and recombination often …

Mammalian oocytes begin meiosis in the fetal ovary, but only complete it when fertilized in
the adult reproductive tract. This review examines the cell biology of this protracted process …

▪ Abstract Mammalian X chromosome inactivation is one of the most striking examples of
epigenetic gene regulation. Early in development one of the pair of∼ 160-Mb X …