Importance of the field: Microneedles are small-scale devices that are finding use for
transdermal delivery of protein-based pharmacologic agents and nucleic acid-based …

Higher education buildings serve complex functions by providing spaces for various
activities and disciplines. This study aims to understand energy use characteristics of …

To maintain ultra-low particle concentrations, cleanrooms can require several hundred air
changes per hour. These ventilation rates make cleanrooms 30–50 times more energy …

The most common method of benchmarking energy use in buildings is to compare the
energy use of the building under consideration with the energy use of a population of like …

Compared with spaces air-conditioned for thermal comfort, cleanrooms often have special
requirements on dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and particle concentrations. It is a …

Several factors impact the energy use of university campus buildings. This study aims to
benchmark the energy use in universities with Mediterranean climates. The University of …

Reducing energy consumption in buildings has received intensified research impetus since
the introduction of the decarbonization goals set in the Paris agreement. Many domestic and …

The high-energy requirements of cleanrooms are the main motivation for optimizing their
operational conditions. The ventilation system consumes the most energy in order to ensure …

During the past three years, working with more than 150 organizations representing public
and private stakeholders, EPRI has developed the Electricity Technology Roadmap. The …

Buildings with spaces requiring strict temperature and humidity controls, such as
pharmaceutical cleanrooms and semiconductor/microchip factories, have been growing very …