Epidemiological surveys indicate that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is
increasing rapidly with the continuous growth of the economy. A large number of studies …

Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development and regulation
of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review the most …

IgA mediates microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosa. Within the gut, IgA acts in a
context-dependent manner to both prevent and promote bacterial colonization and to …

Intestinal colonization of the oral bacterium Haemophilus parainfluenzae has been
associated with Crohn's disease (CD) severity and progression. This study examines the …

Background Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by
decreased bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, which tends to result in …

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that presents
clinically with abdominal pain, mucopurulent stools, and posterior urgency. The lesions of …

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and
degeneration of bone microstructure. In recent years, more and more researches have …

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody at mucosal surfaces and has been
the subject of many investigations involving microbiota research in the last decade. Although …

In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the immune system interacts with a variety of
microorganisms, including pathogens as well as beneficial symbionts that perform important …

In this review, the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of inflammatory
bowel diseases (IBD) is reported. In IBD, an altered innate immunity is often found, with …