The chemokine superfamily consists of a large number of ligands and receptors. At first
glance, this family appears redundant and their ligand-receptor relationships promiscuous …

Introduction: Chemokines play important roles in inflammation and in immune responses.
This article will discuss the current literature on the C–C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and …

The development of a universal influenza vaccine to control public health threats from
circulating and emerging influenza viruses is highly desirable. Here we report an intranasal …

Activated T helper cells produce many cytokines, some of which are secreted through the
immunological synapse toward the antigen-presenting cell. Here we have used …

Objective. To identify gene expression signatures in minor salivary glands (MSGs) from
patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Methods. A 16K complementary DNA …

Signaling from endosomes is emerging as a mechanism by which selected receptors
provide sustained signals distinct from those generated at the plasma membrane. The …

HIV elite controllers maintain a population of CD4+ T cells endowed with high avidity for Gag
antigens and potent effector functions. How these HIV-specific cells avoid infection and …

RANTES (CCL5) is a chemokine expressed by many hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic
cell types that plays an important role in homing and migration of effector and memory T …

HIV Tat protein is a critical protein that plays multiple roles in HIV pathogenesis. While its
role as the transactivator of HIV transcription is well established, other roles associated with …

Since inactivated influenza vaccines mainly confer protective immunity by inducing strain-
specific antibodies to the viral hemagglutinin, these vaccines only afford protection against …