Super-resolved structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) is among the most rapidly
growing fluorescence microscopy techniques that can surpass the optical diffraction limit …

Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can be both sufficient and necessary for protection against
viral infections, although they sometimes act in concert with cellular immunity. Successful …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible
coronavirus responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we provide evidence …

Viruses and their hosts have coevolved for a long time. This coevolution places both the
pathogen and the human immune system under selective pressure; on the one hand, the …

While HIV-1 infection of target cells with cell-free viral particles has been largely
documented, intercellular transmission through direct cell-to-cell contact may be a …

HIV entry involves binding of the trimeric viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp120/gp41 to
cell surface receptors, which triggers conformational changes in Env that drive the …

The life cycle of most viruses involves the release of particles into the extracellular space.
Consequently, the study of virus egress as well as virus entry has focused almost exclusively …

Proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins is essential for retrovirus infectivity. Retroviral
proteases (PR) become activated during or after assembly of the immature, non-infectious …

Single genome sequencing of early HIV-1 genomes provides a sensitive, dynamic
assessment of virus evolution and insight into the earliest anti-viral immune responses in …

During HIV infection, cell-to-cell transmission results in endosomal uptake of the virus by
target CD4+ T cells and potential exposure of the viral ssRNA genome to endosomal Toll …