For most individuals, balancing upright is a simple task that requires little effort. The inherent
difficulties associated with standing balance are not revealed until a pathology or injury …

Summary Background The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria and
requirements for a uniform protocol have been introduced to standardise assessment of MRI …

The vestibular system is crucial for postural control; however there are considerable
differences in the task dependence and frequency response of vestibular reflexes in …

Human standing balance relies on self-motion estimates that are used by the nervous
system to detect unexpected movements and enable corrective responses and adaptations …

Age-related changes in the density, morphology, and physiology of plantar cutaneous
receptors negatively impact the quality and quantity of balance-relevant information arising …

During standing balance, vestibular signals encode head movement and are transformed
into coordinates that are relevant to maintaining upright posture of the whole body. This …

Key points The vestibular system is an important sensory contributor to the control of
standing balance. Fear, anxiety and arousal are thought to influence the excitability of the …

Key points• Electrical vestibular stimulation delivered at the mastoid processes evokes a
reflex response in the appendicular muscles only when they are actively involved in keeping …

Vestibular information is one of the many sensory signals used to stabilize the body during
locomotion. When locomotor velocity increases, the influence of these signals appears to …

Passing current through mastoid electrodes (conventionally termed galvanic vestibular
stimulation; GVS) evokes a balance response containing a short‐and a medium‐latency …