Background Kinematic design is a predominant phase in the design of robotic manipulators
for minimally invasive surgery (MIS). However, an extensive overview of the kinematic …

The introduction of laparoscopic surgery offers clear advantages to patients; to surgeons, it
presents the challenge of learning new remote operating techniques quite different from …

Robotic laparoscope positioners are now expected as assisting devices for solo surgery
among endoscopic surgeons. In such robotic systems, the human-machine (surgeon-robot) …

In the past 10 years, laparoscopy has been challenged by robotic surgery; nevertheless,
laparoscopic techniques are subject to continuous change. Ultrahigh definition is the next …

Compared with traditional open surgery, minimally invasive surgical procedures reduce
patient trauma and recovery time, but the dexterity of the surgeon in laparoscopic surgery is …

Flexible endoscopy requires a lot of skill to manipulate both the endoscope and the
associated instruments. In most robotic flexible endoscopic systems, the endoscope and …

The old paradigm of “see one, do one, teach one” has now changed to “see several, learn
the skills and simulation, do one, teach one.” Modern medicine over the past 30 years has …

Background A variety of human computer interfaces are used by robotic surgical systems to
control and actuate camera scopes during minimally invasive surgery. The purpose of this …

Objective: This paper describes the current level of development of robots for surgery.
Material and Methods: This paper is based on a literature search in Pubmed, IEEExplore …

The drive to introduce operating robots into theaters is for a number of reasons related to
their intrinsic properties: these include three-dimensional spatial accuracy, reliability, and …