Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial
evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can …

The production and use of antibiotics are becoming increasingly common worldwide, and
the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing alarmingly. Drug‐resistant infections …

Bacteriophages (phages) are often described as obligate predators of their bacterial hosts,
and phage predation is one of the leading forces controlling the density and distribution of …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the microbiome has profound consequences for human
health and disease. The spread of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence, and pathogenicity …

Originally, viruses were defined as miniscule infectious agents that passed through filters
that retain even the smallest cells. Subsequently, viruses were considered obligate …

Biofilms, which are essential vectors of bacterial survival, protect microbes from antibiotics
and host immune attack and are one of the leading causes that maintain drug-resistant …

A massive number of microorganisms, belonging to different species, continuously divide
inside the guts of animals and humans. The large size of these communities and their rapid …

Technological advances in cryo-EM in recent years have given rise to detailed atomic
structures of bacteriophage tail tubes—a class of filamentous protein assemblies that could …

CrAssphage and related viruses of the order Crassvirales (hereafter referred to as
crassviruses) were originally discovered by cross-assembly of metagenomic sequences …

Most bacteriophages present a tail allowing host recognition, cell wall perforation, and viral
DNA channeling from the capsid to the infected bacterium cytoplasm. The majority of tailed …