CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are
responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28 …

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its …

The indications of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are set to rise further with the approval
of newer agent like atezolimumab for use in patients with advanced stage urothelial …

Immune checkpoint inhibition with the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab and the anti-PD-1
antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab has improved survival in metastatic melanoma …

The European Respiratory Society (ERS)/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons
(ESTS)/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)/European Society for …

Background New therapeutic strategies for malignant mesothelioma are urgently needed. In
the DETERMINE study, we investigated the effects of the cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting CTLA4 and PD1 constitute a promising class of
cancer treatment but are associated with several immune-related disorders. We here review …

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy of the pleural surface,
predominantly caused by prior asbestos exposure. There is a global epidemic of malignant …

Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy
characterised by limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. At relapse after platinum …

Abstract Treatment of lung cancer remains a challenge, and lung cancer is still the leading
cause of cancer‐related mortality. Immunotherapy has previously failed in lung cancer but …