The Arabian Peninsula (AP) is notable for its unique meteorological and climatic patterns
and plays a pivotal role in understanding regional climate dynamics and dust emissions …

Scientific inquiry has long relied on deterministic algorithms for systematic problem-solving
and predictability. However, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized data …

Determining the characteristics of rainfall erosivity at different times and locations is
significant for global and regional soil erosion prevention and control. However, accurate …

Hydrological models that are used to analyse flood risk induced by tropical cyclones often
input ERA5 reanalysis data. However, ERA5 precipitation has large systematic biases …

The upper Indus basin (UIB) supplies water for the largest irrigation system in Asia and for
the livelihoods of millions of people downstream. Yet a large gap still remains in the current …

The widespread utilization of reanalysis-based precipitation (RP) data has significantly
facilitated hydrometeorological studies in areas where observations are scarce. However …

The diverse climates, distribution of snow and glaciers, and geographic locations directly
affect the runoff response to climate change in the upper basins of the Third Pole. At present …

Mountainous areas are of special hydrological concern because topography and
atmospheric conditions can result in large and sudden floods, posing serious risks to water …

Precipitation products play an important role in monitoring rainstorm processes. This study
takes a rare historical event of extreme, heavy precipitation that occurred in Henan Province …

Recently, Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Measurement
(IMERG) mission and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis …