Ca2+-release channels are giant membrane proteins that control the release of Ca2+ from
the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The two members, ryanodine receptors …

The main inherited cardiac arrhythmias are long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome,
catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and Brugada syndrome. These rare …

Pacemaker treatment for bradyarrhythmia was first approved for national health insurance
coverage in Japan in 1974, and its use rapidly became widespread thereafter …

The recommendations listed in this guideline are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
initial extensive evidence review, which included literature derived from research involving …

Ca 2+ is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger that controls diverse cellular functions but can
become toxic and cause cell death. Selective control of specific targets depends on …

The Japanese Circulation Society (JCS) published the “Guidelines for Pharmacological
Treatment of Arrhythmia” in 2004, and a revised edition was published in 2009. 1 Both …

There has been a significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by
which calcium (Ca2+) ions mediate various types of cardiac arrhythmias. A growing list of …

This international consensus statement is the collaborative effort of three medical societies
representing electrophysiology in North America, Europe and Asian-Pacific area: the Heart …

Summary Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government …

Cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis is maintained through the integrated and coordinated function
of Ca 2+ transport molecules, Ca 2+ buffers and sensors. These molecules are associated …