The functional capabilities of skeletal muscle are strongly correlated with its well-arranged
microstructure, consisting of parallelly aligned myotubes. In case of extensive muscle loss …

Hydrogels prepared from natural polymers have received immense considerations over the
past decade due to their safe nature, biocompatibility, hydrophilic properties, and …

The increasingly intimate bond connecting soft actuation devices and emerging biomedical
applications is triggering the development of novel materials with superb biocompatibility …

Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated wide interest in applying
nanomaterials for neural prostheses. An ideal neural interface should create seamless …

Electrochemical power tools are regarded as essential keys in a world that is becoming
increasingly reliant on fossil fuels in order to meet the challenges of rapidly depleting fossil …

There are numerous developments taking place in the field of biorobotics, and one such
recent breakthrough is the implementation of soft robots—a pathway to mimic nature's …

Twisted-fiber artificial muscles, a new type of soft actuator, exhibit significant potential for use
in applications related to lightweight smart devices and soft robotics. Fiber twisting …

Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) are highly hydrated three-dimensional (3D) networks
generated through the incorporation of conductive polymers, nanoparticles, and other …

Conjugated polymers (CPs), as exemplified by polypyrrole, are intrinsically conducting
polymers with potential for development as soft actuators or “artificial muscles” for numerous …

Smart textiles have been around for some decades. Even if interactivity is central to most
definitions, the emphasis so far has been on the stimuli/input side, comparatively little has …