Background Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as a huge global
health problem in low-and middle-income countries. The magnitude of the rise of NCDs is …

Increased dietary sodium intake is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The
monitoring of population sodium intake is a key part of any salt reduction intervention …

Background: Nigella sativa (NS) seed extract shows diuretic activity, inhibits sympathetic
nervous system overactivity and increases the production of Nitric Oxide in in vivo studies …

Background: Indonesia's national stunting prevalence remains high. The transition from
exclusive breastfeeding to poor complementary feeding practices may put infants at higher …

Within the updated chapters, we have many new evidence-based data that assure the
economic benefits of disease prevention as well as the public health benefits to nations that …

Background Malnutrition and inadequate nutrient intake are associated with functional
decline, frailty, and bad clinical outcomes among community-dwelling older adults. Despite …

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature deaths
globally, and is especially common in Asian populations. It has been shown that Southeast …

Background: Indonesia will enter the period of aging and an increase in several elderlies
with chronic diseases. The biggest health problems of the elderly are degenerative …

Intakes of excess Na and insufficient K are two major contributors of heart diseases and
stroke development. However, no precise study has previously been carried out on Na and …

Background: Excessive salt intake contributes to increased risk of noncommunicable
diseases, which could vary between countries and between population groups within a …