In order to meet the high energy demand, a metabolic reprogramming occurs in cancer cells.
Its role is crucial in promoting tumor survival. Among the substrates in demand, oxygen is …

Hypoxia, low oxygen (O2) level, is a hallmark of solid cancers, especially hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Hypoxia …

Hypoxia triggers several mechanisms to adapt cells to a low oxygen environment.
Mitochondria are major consumers of oxygen and a potential source of reactive oxygen …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invariably exhibits inadequate O2 (hypoxia) and nutrient
supply. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates cascades of molecular events that enable …

Hypoxia is commonly found in cancers. Hypoxia, due to the lack of oxygen (O2) as the
electron recipient, causes inefficient electron transfer through the electron transport chain at …

Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that are involved in regulating cellular energy,
metabolism, survival, and proliferation. To some extent, cancer is a genetic and metabolic …

Distant metastasis remains the primary cause of morbidity in patients with breast cancer.
Hence, the development of more efficacious strategies and the exploration of potential …

Mitochondria are key organelles involved in energy production as well as numerous
metabolic processes. There is a growing interest in the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in …

Dysregulated mitochondrial function is a hallmark of immune-mediated inflammatory
diseases. Cytochrome c oxidase (C c O), which mediates the rate-limiting step in …

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers with limited
therapeutic options. Pathogenesis of this disease involves tumor hypoxia and the activation …