The retina is an immune privileged tissue, which is protected from external and internal
insults by its blood-retina barriers and immune suppressive microenvironment. Apart from …

Background: Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) is a fibrocellular membrane that
proliferates on the inner surface of the retina at the macular area. Membrane contraction is …

The prevalence of diabetes has been rising steadily in the past half-century, along with the
burden of its associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is currently …

Background Diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion are vision threatening retinal
vascular diseases. Current first-line therapy targets the vascular component, but many …

Purpose: To quantitatively characterize macrophage-like cells (MLCs) at the vitreoretinal
interface in different severity stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence …

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the pancreas is not
producing enough insulin or when the insulin that it does produce is not able to be used …

Microglia serve key homeostatic roles, and respond to neuronal perturbation and decline
with a high spatiotemporal resolution. The course of all chronic CNS pathologies is thus …

High-resolution retinal imaging is revolutionizing how scientists and clinicians study the
retina on the cellular scale. Its exquisite sensitivity enables time-lapse optical biopsies that …

Purpose: To image retinal macrophages at the vitreoretinal interface in the living human
retina using a clinical optical coherence tomography (OCT) device. Methods: Eighteen …

The innate immune system contains multiple classes of pattern recognition receptors
(PRRs), which recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger …