Trace amines are endogenous compounds classically regarded as comprising β-
phenylethyalmine, p-tyramine, tryptamine, p-octopamine, and some of their metabolites …

The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the
chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory …

The discovery in 2001 of a G protein-coupled receptor family, subsequently termed trace
amine-associated receptors (TAAR), triggered a resurgence of interest in so-called trace …

In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the evolution and functional diversity of the
aquaporin gene superfamily in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Based upon the latest …

Highlights•TAARs are vertebrate olfactory receptors and form an ever-evolving sensory
subsystem.•Some TAARs detect volatile amines that evoke aversion or attraction …

Vertebrates evolved in the Cambrian Period before 520 million years ago, but we do not
know when or how consciousness arose in the history of the vertebrate brain. Here we …

Vertebrates develop an olfactory system that detects odorants and pheromones through
their interaction with specialized cell surface receptors on olfactory sensory neurons. During …

Chemical cues and pheromones guide decisions in organisms throughout the animal
kingdom. The neurobiology, function, and evolution of olfaction are particularly well …

Communication between individuals is critical for species survival, reproduction, and
expansion. Most terrestrial species, with the exception of humans who predominantly use …

Sea lamprey invaded the Laurentian Great Lakes above Lake Ontario in the 1900s, and
were a factor in the collapse of several major fish stocks. Whether the species is native to …