In the 1950s Corynebacterium glutamicum was found to be a very efficient producer of l-
glutamic acid. Since this time biotechnological processes with bacteria of the species …

Gradients in industrial bioreactors have attracted substantial research attention since
exposure to fluctuating environmental conditions has been shown to lead to changes in the …

Escherichia coli fed-batch cultivations at 22 m3 scale were compared to corresponding
laboratory scale processes and cultivations using a scale-down reactor furnished with a high …

The presence of spatial gradients in fundamental culture parameters, such as dissolved
gases, pH, concentration of substrates, and shear rate, among others, is an important …

To increase product yields and to ensure consistent product quality, key issues of industrial
fermentations, process optimization and scale up are aimed at maintaining optimum and …

Protein aggregation is an ordinary consequence of thermal stress. In recombinant bacteria,
the over-expression of plasmid-encoded genes triggers transcription of heat-shock genes …

Scale-up techniques from the literature have been compiled and reviewed for applicability to
Escherichia coli and yeast processes. The consistency of design and operating parameters …

Industrial biotechnological production is developing rapidly worldwide. Consequently, more
and novel bioprocesses need to perform optimally not only in small lab-but also in large …

Analytical approaches for a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic networks in
microbial cultures are mostly based on small-scale cultures which are in a steady state or …

Cells contain a finite set of resources that must be distributed across many processes to
ensure survival. Among them, the largest proportion of cellular resources is dedicated to …