Evidence for two different physical mechanisms for acceleration of solar energetic particles
(SEPs) arose 50 years ago with radio observations of type III bursts, produced by outward …

We review our state of knowledge of coronal element abundance anomalies in the Sun and
stars. We concentrate on the first ionization potential (FIP) effect observed in the solar …

Aims. Solar Orbiter, the first mission of ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 programme and a
mission of international collaboration between ESA and NASA, will explore the Sun and …

The heliosphere represents a uniquely accessible domain of space, where fundamental
physical processes common to solar, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas can be studied …

Magnetic reconnection in relativistic collisionless plasmas can accelerate particles and
power high-energy emission in various astrophysical systems. Whereas most previous …

We consider ion heating by turbulent Alfvén waves (AWs) and kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs)
with wavelengths (measured perpendicular to the magnetic field) that are comparable to the …

The Wind spacecraft, launched on November 1, 1994, is a critical element in NASA's
Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO)—a fleet of spacecraft created to understand the …

Magnetic reconnection is an important driver of energetic particles in many astrophysical
phenomena. Using kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we explore the impact of three …

Abstract The four Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft recorded the first direct
evidence of reconnection exhausts associated with Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) waves at the …

Magnetic fields can change their topology through a process known as magnetic
reconnection. This process in not only important for understanding the origin and evolution …