Currently, over 300 million people worldwide have depression, and the socioeconomic
burden of this debilitating disorder is anticipated to increase markedly over the coming …

Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and the brain. However,
exercise also activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and increases levels of the …

Clinical and experimental data suggest that fronto-cortical GABAergic deficits contribute to
the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). To further test this hypothesis, we …

Our ability to develop the cognitive strategies required to deal with daily-life stress is
regulated by region-specific neuronal networks. Experimental evidence suggests that …

Repeated exposure to stress during childhood is associated with increased risk for
neuropsychiatric illness, substance use disorders and other behavioral problems in …

Background: The risk for all addictive drug and non-drug behaviors, especially, in the
unmyelinated Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) of adolescents, is important and complex. Many …

Recently there has been debate concerning the role of brain dopamine in reward and
addiction. David Nutt and associates eloquently proposed that dopamine (DA) may be …

For some individuals, social stress is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders characterized by
adolescent onset, prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction and cognitive impairments. Social …

Exploration into the biological bases of aggression has demonstrated the existence of many
forms of aggression. Here we investigate the neuroendocrine bases of these types of …

Pathological aggression, frequently observed in psychiatric patients and criminal subjects,
poses a major burden on the health care and criminal justice system, necessitating better …