This Guidance document describes harmonised risk assessment methodologies for
combined exposure to multiple chemicals for all relevant areas within EFSA's remit, ie …

Human health and animal health risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple
chemicals use the same steps as single-substance risk assessment, namely problem …

Carboxylesterases (CES) are an important class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of a
range of chemicals and show large inter-individual variability in vitro. An extensive literature …

Although intestinal metabolism plays an important role in drug disposition, early predictions
of human outcomes are challenging, in part because of limitations of available in vitro …

In the modern world, chemicals are ubiquitous, and humans, animals and species in the
environment are exposed to an increasing number, both of anthropogenic and natural …

Transporters are divided into the ABC and SLC super-families, mediating the cellular efflux
and influx of various xenobiotic and endogenous substrates. Here, an extensive literature …

Human cell-based population-wide in vitro models have been proposed as a strategy to
derive chemical-specific estimates of inter-individual variability; however, the utility of this …

The open source database “OpenCYP database” has been developed based on the results
of extensive literature searches from the peer-reviewed literature. OpenCYP provides data …

In order to overcome the weakness of conventional approaches for cell culture, and provide
cells with more in vivo-like microenvironment for studying hepatotoxicity of drugs,“multiple-in …

CYP3A4 is the major human cytochrome P450 isoform responsible for the metabolism of
more than 50% of known xenobiotics. Here, inter-ethnic differences in CYP3A4 metabolism …