The vaginal microbiota has been studied in animal reproduction and fertility, in particular
little information of vaginal microbes in reference to bovine reproduction and pheromone …

The female genital tract includes several anatomical regions whose luminal fluids
successively interact with gametes and embryos and are involved in the fertilisation and …

Accurate determination of estrus is essentially required for efficient reproduction
management of farm animals. Buffalo is a shy breeder and does not manifest overt signs of …

Symbiotic microbial communities affect the host immune system and produce molecules
contributing to the odor of an individual. In many mammalian species, saliva and vaginal …

Accurate and efficient detection of estrus is one of the major constraints for exploitation of the
production potential of buffalo owing to its poor manifestation of estrus signs, seasonal …

Cryptic female choice (CFC) is a component of postcopulatory sexual selection that allows
females to influence the fertilization success of sperm from different males. While its precise …

Climate change poses a growing threat to the livestock industry, impacting animal
productivity, animal welfare, and farm management practices. Thus, enhancing livestock …

Estrus identification is a common problem in the reproductive management of farm animals.
Hence, several studies have been conducted to explore biomarkers for estrus detection …

Emerging evidence shows that some of the pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated not only
in the endometrium but also in the follicular fluid of cows with endometritis. Developing a …

Saliva is considered as the best source of biological material for biomarker discovery studies
since it is noninvasive in comparison to other body sources. Usually buffalo cannot precisely …