Dosimetry modeling and point of departure (POD) estimation using in vitro data are essential
for mechanism-based hazard identification and risk assessment. This study aimed to …

Exposure to humidifier disinfectants was identified in 2011 as the potential cause of an
outbreak of lung disease in Korea. It is estimated that over 8 million people have been …

Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), a humidifier disinfectant, is known to
cause lung toxicity, including inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to …

Inhalation of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) causes irreversible pulmonary injury,
such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying PHMG-induced lung injury …

ABSTRACT Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a universal health problem and a risk factor for
the development of cancer. IDA changes the microenvironment of the human body by …

Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), used as a humidifier disinfectant,
causes interstitial lung disease, obliterative bronchiolitis, and lung fibrosis; however, little is …

Inhaling polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) aerosol, a broad-spectrum disinfectant, can
lead to severe pulmonary fibrosis. Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death triggered by …

Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), an antimicrobial additive, was used as
a humidifier disinfectant in Korea and caused severe lung injuries, including lung fibrosis, in …

Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) can cause vascular inflammatory injury, but the
molecular basis of this effect remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the …

Biocides are widely used for their effective antiseptic and disinfectant properties, including
polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P), which is also used as a biocide as it …