Assessment-led school reforms are a central pillar of policy packages recommended to
address low student achievement in developing countries. We use direct audit evidence to …

I use variation in ex-ante school fee payments to measure how Free Secondary Education
(FSE) affected primary students in Tanzania. I first confirm FSE increased secondary access …

This paper examines the effectiveness of Malawi's selective secondary schools in
influencing student learning outcomes. Using data from Malawi's National Examination …

Exams influence how teachers teach, but most of our understanding comes from cross-
sectional studies in OECD countries, particularly the USA. These dynamics might not apply …

This study investigates the effectiveness of linear equating and equi-percentile Classical
Test Theory (CTT) equating methods in maintaining fairness and comparability across …