BACKGROUND For patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), surgical resection of
the epileptogenic zone (EZ) may offer seizure freedom and benefits for quality of life. Yet …

Abstract Purpose of Review Epilepsy associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia
(PNH), a developmental malformation, is frequently drug-resistant and requires focal …

Grey matter heterotopia (GMH) are neurodevelopmental disorders associated with abnormal
cortical function and epilepsy. Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and periventricular …

Magnetic resonance image–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a novel
tool in the neurosurgical armamentarium for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy …

Surgical treatment of deep or difficult to access lesions represents a unique and significant
challenge for pediatric neurosurgeons. The introduction of stereotactic magnetic resonance …

Abstract Objective Nodular heterotopias (NHs) are malformations of cortical development
associated with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy with frequent poor surgical outcome. The …

OBJECTIVE Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a result of disrupted neuronal
migration from the ventricular system and can be a rare cause of refractory focal epilepsy …

Objective Epilepsy with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) lacks a conclusive
surgical treatment strategy as eloquent cortex and important white matter tracts frequently …

Objective Stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG) has been widely used to explore the
epileptic network and localize the epileptic zone in patients with medically intractable …

Objective Previous studies using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques
have documented abnormal transmantle bands connecting ectopic nodules to overlying …