Abstract Purpose of Review The pathological remodeling of cardiac tissue after injury or
disease leads to scar formation. Our knowledge of the role of nonmyocytes, especially …

The ear of extant vertebrates reflects multiple independent evolutionary trajectories.
Examples include the middle ear or the unique specializations of the mammalian cochlea …

Rationale: The embryonic epicardium plays a crucial role in the formation of the coronary
vasculature and in myocardial development, yet the exact contribution of epicardium-derived …

The in vivo mechanisms underlying dominant syndromes caused by mutations in SRY-Box
Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) and SOX10 (SOXE) transcription factors, when they either are …

This protocol describes a culture system in which inner-ear sensory tissue is produced from
mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells under chemically defined conditions. This model is …

Target gene transfection for desired cell differentiation has recently become a major issue in
stem cell therapy. For the safe and stable delivery of genes into human mesenchymal stem …

Some genes expressed in stem cells interrupt and/or enhance differentiation. Therefore, the
aim of this study was to inhibit the expression of unnecessary genes and enhance the …

The mammalian urogenital system derives from multipotent progenitor cells of different
germinal tissues. The contribution of individual sub-populations to specific components of …

Heart valve formation initiates when endothelial cells of the heart transform into
mesenchyme and populate the cardiac cushions. The transcription factor SOX9 is highly …

Background Genesis of novel gene regulatory modules is largely responsible for
morphological and functional evolution. De novo generation of novel cis-regulatory …