Winter is a key driver of individual performance, community composition, and ecological
interactions in terrestrial habitats. Although climate change research tends to focus on …

Determining how climate change will affect global ecology and ecosystem services is one of
the next important frontiers in environmental science. Many species already exhibit smaller …

There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar
terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an …

The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
that are expressed on infectious agents, but not on the host. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …

Conditions experienced during early development affect survival and reproductive
performance in many bird and mammal species. Factors affecting early development can …

Climate influences a variety of ecological processes. These effects operate through local
weather parameters such as temperature, wind, rain, snow, and ocean currents, as well as …

Aim We reviewed the occurrence of Bergmann's rule in birds (ninety‐four species) and
mammals (149 species), using only studies where statistical significance of the results was …

ABSTRACT Variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Tropical Atlantic dominate the
climate of the North Atlantic sector, the underlying ocean and surrounding continents on …

The sublethal effects of high predation risk on both prey behavior and physiology may have
long‐term consequences for prey population dynamics. We tested the hypothesis that …

Climatic oscillations as reflected in atmospheric modes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO) may be seen as a proxy for regulating forces in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems …