The tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway is a main player of TRP
metabolism through which more than 95% of TRP is catabolized. The pathway is activated …

The kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a critical role in generating cellular energy in the form of
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Because energy requirements are substantially …

Lymphocytes maturing in the thymus (T cells) are key factors in adaptive immunity and the
regulation of inflammation. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism includes …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is activated in chronic inflammatory states,
eg, in the aging process and age-related diseases. IDO1 enzyme catabolizes L-tryptophan …

The tryptophan and kynurenine pathway is well-known to play an important role in nervous,
endocrine, and immune systems, as well as in the development of inflammatory diseases. It …

Kynurenine (KYN), a main metabolite of tryptophan in mammals, is a direct precursor of
kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK). Under physiological …

Skeletal muscle is greatly affected by aging, resulting in a loss of metabolic and physical
function. However, the underlying molecular processes and how (lack of) physical activity is …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has poorer clinical outcomes in males than in
females, and immune responses underlie these sex-related differences. Because immune …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review seeks to examine current research related to the
role of diet in multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent Findings Recent research in preclinical …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has long been implicated in the induction of a battery
of genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. AhR is a …