Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the MAPK
kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family and has been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of …

Checkpoint blockade therapy, for example using antibodies against CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-
L1, relieves T cells from the suppression by inhibitory checkpoints in the tumor …

Background Infections by viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
could cause organ inflammations such as myocarditis, pneumonia and encephalitis. Innate …

A successful pregnancy depends on not only the tolerance of the fetal immune system by the
mother but also resistance against the threat of hazardous microorganisms. Infection with …

Cancer immunotherapy has become an attractive approach of cancer treatment with
tremendous success in treating various advanced malignancies. The development and …

Protein ubiquitination plays an important role in the regulation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1
(TAK1)-mediated NF-κB activation. It is well established that TAK1 activation is tightly …

Background Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have more than 80 members and are
widely found in various eukaryotic cells. Most TRIM family proteins participate in the …

Infections by enteric virus and intestinal inflammation are recognized as a leading cause of
deadly gastroenteritis, and NLRP6 and NLRP9b signaling control these infection and …

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological malignant tumor that seriously endangers
the health of women worldwide. Tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29) is a TRIM family …

The interaction between a tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in
tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Ubiquitination, a crucial post‑translational …