There is increasing evidence that fossil-fuel burning, and consequential global heating of
1.1° C to date, has led to the increased occurrence and severity of extreme environmental …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Abstract Otavi Group is a 1.5–3.5-km-thick epicontinental marine carbonate succession of
Neoproterozoic age, exposed in an 800-km-long Ediacaran− Cambrian fold belt that rims …

Understanding the recent history of Thwaites Glacier, and the processes controlling its
ongoing retreat, is key to projecting Antarctic contributions to future sea-level rise. Of …

Abstract The Pope, Smith and Kohler glaciers, in the Amundsen Sea Embayment of West
Antarctica, have experienced enhanced ocean-induced ice-shelf melt, glacier acceleration …

While twentieth century sea-level rise was dominated by thermal expansion of ocean water,
mass loss from glaciers and ice sheets is now a larger annual contributor. There is …

The image degradation owing to the absorption and scattering of optical propagation
medium makes the non‐visualization and anamorphose in real image. The complex …

The variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets occurs on various timescales and is
important for projections of sea level rise; however, there are substantial uncertainties …

Surface energy is one of the most important properties of materials that dictate many
behaviors such as the spreading of water and ice nucleation. It is commonly thought that low …

The geometry of the sea floor immediately beyond Antarctica's marine-terminating glaciers is
a fundamental control on warm-water routing, but it also describes former topographic …