Injectable hydrogels based on biopolymers, fabricated utilizing diverse chemical and
physical methodologies, exhibit exceptional physical, chemical, and biological properties …

Introduction Diabetic retinopathy, a significant trigger for blindness among working age
individuals with diabetes, poses a substantial global health challenge. Understanding its …

Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes in which
neurodegeneration has been recently identified as a driving force. In the last years …

The retina is a complex and highly metabolic tissue in the back of the eye essential for
human vision. Retinal diseases can lead to loss of vision in early and late stages of life …

Background Tocotrienol is a vitamin E analogue that is known to exert anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant effects. Hence, in the current study, the effects of TRF on the expression of pro …

Objective Oxidative stress-induced retinal neurodegenerative changes are among the
pathological alterations observed in diabetic retinopathy. Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic …

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common retinal vascular disease, affecting the
retina's blood vessels and causing chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and, ultimately …

Astrocytes are the principle glial cells of the central nervous system and play an active role
in maintaining proper metabolism in surrounding neurons. Because of their involvement in …

AIM To investigate the stability of the seven housekeeping genes: beta-actin (ActB),
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 18s ribosomal unit 5 (18s) …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus and
potentially leads to significant visual impairment and blindness. The complex mechanisms …