Osteosarcoma, a rare primary bone cancer, presents diverse molecular aberrations that
underscore its complexity. Despite the persistent endeavors by researchers, the limited …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are clusters of immune cells that resemble and function
similarly to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). While TLS is generally associated with an …

Background The effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating gallbladder
cancer (GBC) remains unsatisfactory. Recently, several new immune checkpoints have …

Traditionally sarcomas have been considered immunologically quiet tumours, with low
tumour mutational burden (TMB) and an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment …

Recent studies have established the pivotal roles of patient‐derived tumour organoids
(PDTOs), innovative three‐dimensional (3D) culture systems, in various biological and …

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of bone and soft tissue tumors. Survival outcomes for
advanced (unresectable or metastatic) disease remain poor, so therapeutic improvements …

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main prevalent histological subtype
and accounts for 85% of esophageal cancer cases worldwide. Traditional treatment for …

CD47 is expressed on cell surfaces and acts as a “don't eat me” signal by interacting with
signal-regulatory protein-α on the macrophage surface. Some cancer cells express CD47 …

Abstract Programmed death-1 (PD-1) acts as a T cell checkpoint and is important in
controlling T cell exhaustion. Blocking the intercommunication across PD-1 and PD-L1 is …

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease, defined by the presence of
functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. This disease is one of the main …