Molecular machines, such as polymerases, ribosomes, or proteasomes, fulfill complex tasks
requiring the thermal energy of their environment. They achieve this by restricting random …

Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods have become
indispensable tools for the study of biomolecules. In this article, we briefly review the basic …

A simple and highly sensitive biosensing strategy was reported by cascading terminal
deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-catalyzed substrate extension and CRISPR-Cas12a …

Almost all DNA polymerases (pols) exhibit bell-shaped activity curves as a function of both
pH and Mg2+ concentration. The pol activity is reduced when the pH deviates from the …

The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) belongs to the X family of DNA
polymerases. This unusual polymerase catalyzes the template‐independent addition of …

Exploring a metal-involved biochemical process at a molecular level often requires a
reliable description of metal properties in aqueous solution by classical nonbonded models …

DNA polymerases catalyze DNA synthesis during the replication, repair, and recombination
of DNA. Based on phylogenetic analysis and primary protein sequences, DNA polymerases …

Nucleases catalyze the cleavage of phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids using a range of
metal cofactors. Although it is well accepted that many nucleases rely on two metal ions, the …

Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) plays a crucial role in DNA repair and
gene regulation. The abnormal variations of the concentration of APE1 in the human blood …

Replicative DNA polymerases are nano-machines essential to life, which have evolved the
ability to copy the genome with high fidelity and high processivity. In contrast with cellular …