Objective: This clinical practice guideline addresses the diagnosis and treatment of primary
adrenal insufficiency. Participants: The Task Force included a chair, selected by The Clinical …

Addison's disease–the traditional term for primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI)–is defined as
the clinical manifestation of chronic glucocorticoid-and/or mineralocorticoid deficiency due to …

Objective: To develop clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with
primary aldosteronism. Participants: The Task Force included a chair, selected by the …

Context Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) for many patients depends on positive
results for the saline infusion test (SIT). Plasma aldosterone is often measured by …

BACKGROUND Differentiating patients with primary aldosteronism caused by aldosterone-
producing adenomas (APAs) from those with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH), which is …

Context The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), renin, and aldosterone-to-renin ratio
(ARR) are used to screen for primary aldosteronism (PA). Substantial intra-individual …

Importance Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the most common causes of secondary
hypertension but remains largely unrecognized and untreated. Objective To understand the …

Hypertension is defined as a persistently elevated blood pressure≥ 140/90 mm Hg. It is an
important treatable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with a high prevalence in the …

• Patients who cannot be considered for adrenalectomy may consider an empiric trial of
spironolactone or eplerenone for blood pressure control.• If a normal or negative result for …

Context Primary aldosteronism (PA) and oral contraception (OC) can both cause
hypertension in young women. However, the effect of OC on the screening test for PA, the …