The potential development of large-scale quantum computers is raising concerns among IT
and security research professionals due to their ability to solve (elliptic curve) discrete …

Using multiple, individual encryption schemes is a well-established method to increase the
overall security of encrypted data. These so-called multiple encryption or hybrid schemes …

The NIST post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standardization project is probably the largest
and most ambitious cryptography standardization effort to date, and as such it makes an …

Large-scale quantum computers will be able to efficiently solve the underlying mathematical
problems of widely deployed public key cryptosystems in the near future. This threat has …

Standardization of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) was started by NIST in 2016 and has
proceeded to its second elimination round. The upcoming standards are intended to replace …

Abstract Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the backbone security protocol of the Internet. As
this fundamental protocol is at risk from future quantum attackers, many proposals have …

Abstract As the Internet of Things (IoT) rolls out today to devices whose lifetime may well
exceed a decade, conservative threat models should consider adversaries with access to …

Abstract Hybrid Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE) protocols combine keying material from
different sources (post-quantum, classical, and quantum key distribution (QKD)) to build …

The isogeny-based scheme CSIDH is considered to be the only efficient post-quantum non-
interactive key exchange (NIKE) and poses small bandwidth requirements, thus appearing …

Currently, with the threat of quantum computer attacks, the idea of combining several same-
type primitives has reemerged. This is also the case for cryptographic keys where a hybrid …