Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent and serious complication of both chronic liver
disease and acute liver failure. HE manifests as a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric …

The nervous system regulates immunity and inflammation. The molecular detection of
pathogen fragments, cytokines, and other immune molecules by sensory neurons generates …

Heart-rate variability (HRV) is frequently introduced as mirroring imbalances within the
autonomous nerve system. Many investigations are based on the paradigm that increased …

Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension often develop complications from a variety of
organ systems leading to a multiple organ failure. The combination of liver failure and portal …

Research during the last decade has significantly advanced our understanding of the
molecular mechanisms at the interface between the nervous system and the immune …

Increased cardiac output was first described in patients with cirrhosis more than fifty years
ago. Later, various observations have indicated the presence of a latent cardiac dysfunction …

The liver is the largest organ in the human body and is responsible for the metabolism and
storage of the three principal nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. In addition, the liver …

The occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with end-stage liver disease
constitutes one of the most challenging clinical scenarios in in-hospital and critical care …

Background Wearable sensors (wearables) have been commonly integrated into a wide
variety of commercial products and are increasingly being used to collect and process raw …

Heart rate variability (HRV) is the temporal beat‐to‐beat variation in successive RR intervals
on an electrocardiographic (ECG) recording and it reflects the regulation of the heart rate …