In the two decades since their initial discovery, DNA vaccines technologies have come a
long way. Unfortunately, when applied to human subjects inadequate immunogenicity is still …

ABSTRACT A major advantage of DNA vaccination is the ability to induce both humoral and
cellular immune responses. DNA vaccines are currently used in veterinary medicine, but …

Despite many years of research, human DNA vaccines have yet to fulfill their early promise.
Over the past 15 years, multiple generations of DNA vaccines have been developed and …

IL-35 is produced by regulatory T cells, and this novel cytokine can downregulate Th17 cell
development and inhibit autoimmune inflammation. In this work, an rIL-35, as a single-chain …

The development of vaccines has always been an essential task worldwide since vaccines
are regarded as powerful weapons in protecting the global population. Although the vast …

The advent of mass vaccination has saved millions of human lives and revolutionized the
quality of life. Vaccination is currently one of the most cost effective ways of managing …

Poor immunogenicity remains the single biggest obstacle to human DNA vaccines achieving
their potential. Strategies to improve DNA vaccine efficacy include codon optimization …

Vaccination represents a cost-effective weapon for disease prevention and has proven to
dramatically reduce the incidences of several diseases that once were responsible for …

Plague is one of the world's most lethal human diseases caused by Yersinia pestis, a Gram-
negative bacterium. Despite overwhelming studies for many years worldwide, there is no …

Bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis is highly infectious and often fatal.
Characterization of the host immune response and its subsequent suppression by Y. pestis …