This article reviews recent advances achieved during recent years on various aspects of
antibody humanization theories and techniques. Common methods for producing …

Recombinant antibody technologies are rapidly becoming available and showing
considerable clinical success. However, the immunogenicity of murine-derived monoclonal …

Molecular engineering to increase the percentage identity to common human
immunoglobulin sequences of non-human therapeutic antibodies and scaffolds has become …

At 420 million years, the variable domain of New Antigen Receptors or VNARs are
undoubtedly the oldest (and smallest) antigen binding single domains identified in the …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and
accumulating evidences suggest a key role of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the pathogenesis of …

Antibodies and other new antibody-like formats have emerged as one of the most rapidly
growing classes of biotherapeutic proteins. Understanding the structural features that drive …

The chemokine receptor CCR6 marks subsets of T cells and innate lymphoid cells that
produce IL-17 and IL-22, and as such may play a role in the recruitment of these cells to …

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are
desirable for intervention in a wide range of disease processes. The discovery of such …

Chemokines and their receptors are pivotal for the trafficking of leukocytes during immune
responses, and host defense. However, immune cell migration also contributes to a wide …

The accumulation of amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ or A-beta) in the brain is considered to be a key
event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the last decade, antibody …