The outbreaks of Ips typographus (L.) in Central Europe after severe storms in the 1990s
triggered extensive research. Molecular techniques were used to analyze the relations and …

The idea that phytopathogenic fungi associated with tree-killing bark beetles are critical for
overwhelming tree defenses and incurring host tree mortality, herein called the classic …

Outbreaks of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) have decimated millions of
hectares of conifer forests in Europe in recent years. The ability of these 4.0 to 5.5 mm long …

Fungi are common and well-known associates of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The
relationship between fungi and scolytids was recognized relatively long ago. Schmidberger …

Conifers are the dominant trees over huge areas worldwide and include many species of
great economic and ecological importance. Some conifer species, particularly members of …

A major challenge confronting ecologists involves scaling up and down across various
levels of biological organization. 12 The ability to conduct such scaling is important, because …

Species of Leptographium are economically important as some are known agents of blue
stain, some are tree pathogens and some are associated with various insect pests. This …

Fusarium euwallaceae is a well-characterized fungal symbiont of the exotic ambrosia beetle
Euwallacea sp.(polyphagous shot hole borer [PSHB]), together inciting Fusarium dieback on …

The bark beetle Ips typographus carries numerous fungi that could be assisting the beetle in
colonizing live Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees. Phenolic defenses in spruce phloem are …

The pathogenicity of two isolates of each of four bark beetle-associated blue-stain fungi was
evaluated after mass inoculation of about 40-year-old Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) …